The call of the wild – and the wildlife in it – is a powerful one. But as the dark truth behind many wildlife tourism activities becomes ever clearer, the case for responsible tourism has never been stronger. Acknowledging we should be more responsible, however, is only part of it. Learning what this means, and putting it into practice, is key.

‘The important thing to keep in mind is that wild animals are not entertainers,’ says Ben Pearson, Senior Campaign Manager for the Australian branch of international animal welfare non-profit World Animal Protection. ‘If you want to see wildlife on holiday, the best thing you can do is to find somewhere to see it in the wild. The next best option is seeking out a legitimate sanctuary that offers observation only, so the animals are free to display their natural behaviours.’

Elephants crossing the road in Sri Lanka

This might sounds restrictive, but nothing elevates a wildlife experience more than the knowledge that the animals involved are as comfortable to be in your presence as they make you happy to be in theirs. Follow these tips to ensure you don’t upset the balance.

Keep your distance

It’s not easy to resist our instinct to get up close to wildlife. Scientists even have a name for it – the biophilia hypothesis – which suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature. But keeping your hands off is usually always in the best interests of the animals involved.

‘If a tourism venue offers the opportunity to ride, touch or get a selfie with a wild animal, there’s a very good chance that animal has been treated cruelly,’ says Pearson. Animal shows, elephant rides, captive dolphin swims, and interacting with big cats are more widely publicised examples of tourism experiences that animal welfare experts claim compromise animal welfare, but plenty of other seemingly harmless interactions can have a similarly devastating impact.

‘Even smaller animals do not cope well with being handled by humans,’ says Pearson, adding that sloths used in the tourism industry typically die within six months of capture.

The alternative? Walking and jeep safaris led by experienced guides not only offer the thrill of observing wildlife in its natural habitat, but also helps to keep the animals – and you – safe.

Bottlenose dolphins in Mozambique

Seek out genuine sanctuaries

Wildlife sanctuaries provide valuable opportunities to view and learn about species that are difficult to see in the wild. In this era of greenwashing, however, it pays to do your research to ensure sanctuaries you plan on visiting are operating in the true sense of the term.

‘Look at where the animals are housed,’ says Pearson. ‘Do they have room to move and display natural behaviours? Is there protection from the weather and somewhere for them to go to be away from visitors?’ Opting to travel with a responsible operator can also help you avoid unwittingly visiting wildlife centres that do not operate in the best interests of their animals. Wannabe wildlife volunteers should also keep in mind that high-welfare sanctuaries do not typically allow direct contact with wildlife.

Resist the urge to feed wildlife

‘Despite your best intentions, feeding wild animals does more harm than good,’ says Pearson. ‘As a result of continued feeding animals become dependent on humans for food, and can become aggressive.’ In the USA and Canada, for example, rangers are often forced to terminate wild bears that pose a risk to humans as a result of being fed. Numerous studies have also concluded that feeding wildlife can wreak havoc with their breeding and migrating patterns.

Ranthambhore National Park is the best place to spot wild tigers in Rajasthan ©

Beware of grey areas

Be mindful that tourism experiences that have been created as a sustainable alternatives to problematic activities often have their own issues.

‘Elephant washing is a big one,’ says Pearson. ‘Many people believe this is a better alternative to riding, but allowing tourists to wash an elephant requires a high level of control over the animal. With mud used as sun protection and to keep elephants cool in the heat, this constant washing can have a negative impact on their welfare, too.’

Another example is swimming with wild marine life that is baited or fed to draw it closer to humans. The whale shark swimming industry in Oslob in the Philippines, for example, has been credited with lifting the local community out of poverty, but the fact that whale sharks only gather here because they are accustomed to being fed has prompted conservationists to question its sustainability.

The good news is that there are hundreds of places around the world listed on our website and in our guidebooks where you can observe elephants, whale sharks and other amazing creatures more responsibly. You might have to travel a bit further, or pay a bit more, but at least you can be sure you’re not compromising the wildlife involved.

Watch what you eat

Did you know you can help to protect wildlife simply by watching what you eat on your travels?

‘We encourage travellers to avoid things like bush meat, which is often hunted and killed inhumanely,’ says Pearson. And don’t forget your drinks. Popular in Southeast Asia, snake wine is typically made by drowning a live snake in alcohol, while coffee luwak is produced by caging and force-feeding civet cats.

A whale shark feeding © Fata Morgana by Andrew Marriott

Shop wisely

Avoiding souvenirs made from wild animals such as traditional medicines and jewellery made from coral is also part of being a responsible wildlife tourist.

‘Instead,’ says Pearson, ‘buy locally produced, environmentally sustainable souvenirs. You’ll be supporting local communities and culture, and protecting animals, too.’

Speak up

‘Raising awareness of poor animal treatment is one of the best things people can do to stop it,’ says Pearson, who suggests respectfully raising the issue with the venue, and sharing your experience with friends and family via social media.

‘We know most people visit wildlife venues – or partake in wildlife experiences – because they love animals. If more people are aware of the impact on wildlife welfare before they book their trip, they’re less likely to support cruel venues and partake in problematic activities.’

Western Europe’s major attractions are impressive but also draw huge crowds; the magic of exploring the big sights can be quickly lost amidst long queues and a sea of selfie sticks. Put the thrill back into exploring new places with our selection of alternatives to the major locations. You’ll also get the feel-good bonus of giving a boost to secondary economies and give overtouristed infrastructures the time to readjust and recover.

Explore the beauty of Ghent through its peaceful waterways

For medieval architecture and riverside culture try Ghent over Bruges, Belgium

Bruges is a doll-house in city form: ornate, compact and brimming with grandiose charm. But this can mean that the only local life you’re going to see is outside of the city walls. Less than an hour’s drive away, equally resplendent Ghent rejoices in its ancient history, but feeds its young soul.

Discover Ghent’s display of medieval bridges and spires all in an afternoon’s amble: begin at St Michael’s Church and end at magnificent St Bavo’s Cathedral. Struck by Bruges’ Belfry? Ghent boasts its own, which sees fewer crowds. Nearby, get your fill of fairy-tale buildings in the quiet cobbled streets of Patershol and Prinsenhof. And while boat trips on Bruges’ canals are a tight squeeze, in Ghent you can circumnavigate swathes of the river by kayak and get up close to the city’s centrepiece: the imposing Gravensteen Castle.

With Bruges opting for early closing hours, it’s after nightfall that Ghent comes into its own, thanks to the award-winning Light Plan initiative, with buildings and sculptures glittering over the still canals. And there are plenty of peppy bars to choose from, from the best riverside spot at Het Waterhuis aan de Bierkant to Dulle Griet, a cosy haunt serving up over 500 beers.

The stunning architecture of the Neues Rathaus (New City Hall) in Leipzig

For history and student life try Leipzig over Berlin, Germany

Hailed as the ‘new Berlin’, Leipzig offers up world-class sights without the queues. Saxony’s rising star was an instrumental part of Germany’s reunification and, being home to one of the world’s oldest universities, the understated city is steeped in a rich history of music and philosophy. Leipzig University’s alumni include the likes of Goethe, Wagner and Nietzsche, proving that the city has been attracting esteemed visitors long before it became its hip new self. Berlin might have Museum Island, but Leipzig has a respected museum and gallery culture of its own; to name a few, you can discover the Bach Museum, the German Photography Museum and the Museum in der Runden Ecke, a well-informed glimpse into life at a former Secret Police station.

The street art in Leipzig might not be as prominent as in Berlin, but this can make for a far more rewarding experience than joining one of many tour groups. Particularly splashed on the walls of the Connewitz district, there are plenty of political messages in spray form and even a Banksy to find, and the soles of your feet will thank you given Leipzig is a fraction of Berlin’s size. The latter’s nightlife of grit and glitz might be renowned around the globe, but it’s easier to find your way in kleine Leipzig; whether it’s long-running techno haunt Distillery or kitschy live music venue celebrating all things ‘60s, Flowerpower, this is a city that proves it doesn’t take itself too seriously.

The tranquil beauty of the Plaza de Espana in Seville

For lush city gardens and tapas try Seville over Barcelona, Spain

Few would deny Barcelona’s pull, but it can be hard not to feel cramped and uninspired when you’re waiting for your Instagram shot atop Park Güell or queueing for an afternoon at La Sagrada Família. Though worthy of the attention, they generate the perspiring, impatient traveller in all of us; instead take the option of a slower pace in enchanting Seville. This Spanish city boasts Roman ruins, intricate Moorish towers and an innate energy. Lose yourself in the architecture and lush grounds of Unesco site Alcazar of Seville, recognised as the backdrop for sun-kissed Dorne in Game of Thrones. Idle away your time at Mediterranean utopia, Parque de Maria Luisa, with its colourful tiled fountains and shady avenues.

When it comes to dinner, finding the most authentic Spanish dishes doesn’t require leaving the centre of Seville. Grab a spot on a tapas tour, and head to Seville’s sensual and lively neighbourhood, Triana, ideal for tapas-hopping and flamenco dancing into the wee hours.

The capital of Andalucía is also a great base for exploring the luscious sites of the wider region. Soak up nearby Córdoba’s Arab baths and Moorish hammams, or lose yourself in Spain’s – somewhat surreal – own wild west country, El Rocío, a town built on desert sands where it isn’t rare to see locals travelling by horse and cart.

Opt for the peaceful sands of Ericeira over the Algarve

For surf and seafood try Ericeira over Algarve, Portugal

When legions of families, surf-lovers and long-term vacationers are besotted with the Algarve, it’s hard not to picture crowds when you dream up long Portuguese summers. Instead, consider sleepy yet spectacular Ericeira. Just 50km from Lisbon, the fishing town sits pretty atop Atlantic-facing cliffs, and succeeds in being world-class for its two main offerings; waves and delicious seafood. Beloved by locals, as evident in its rows of well-maintained heritage whitewashed buildings, it’s also popular with holidaymakers from Lisbon because of its more affordable prices.

Every year the Algarve enjoys an international, busy surf season. But with more than 30 spots fit for unrivalled surf, in Ericeira you can expect to have intimate surf lesson groups and a whole swathe of a beach to yourself. Locals take to the waves here daily, and there are renowned surf schools such as Surf Camp Ericeira, which also provides one of the best surf hostels and retreats. And to the north of the town, the Ericeira World Surfing Reserve is Europe’s only surfing reserve.

Spend the rest of your time visiting relaxed lounge bars and boho surf shops. For no-frills traditional seafood dishes, head to Mar à Vista, a local favourite. The coastline in and around the town sees cooler temperatures than the Algarve, ideal for hiking and cycling.

Take in the beauty and avoid the crowds at the Basilica of Saint Anthony in Padua

For romantic backdrops and artistic treasures try Padua over Venice, Italy

It’s no secret that Venice is overflowing with tourists: various restrictions have been imposed on travellers to the City of Bridges, but it still sees tens of million of visitors each year. Instead of summering in Venice, turn your attention to a small city just 40km away: Padua.

With its array of delicate churches and famed locals – from Galileo to Donatello and Giotto – Padua’s walled city doesn’t attempt to rival Venice. Instead it possesses its own laid back Italian glamour in ornate gardens and picturesque bridges. Often overlooked, Padua is one of Northern Italy’s most ancient cities. You’ll be surprised at the grandeur that Venice’s little neighbour has to offer, from Giotto’s stunning blue fresco masterpiece inside the somewhat bland exterior of the Cappella degli Scrovegni, to the array of flora in the 16th-century Unesco-protected botanical gardens Orto Botanico, and in the curving expanse of meticulous Prato Della Valle, Europe’s largest square. And if the idea of sharing a romantic dinner spot with dozens of others isn’t ideal, Padua’s dining scene makes for a more intimate date night. Find a spot at ancient, candle-lit Da Nane della Giulia or share some creamy artisan gelato at Gelateria Artigianale da Bruno.

Libra

The Venus-ruled sign of Libra is inspired by beauty, artistic pursuits, and harmonious living. They’ll have no trouble making friends during their travels and will appreciate destinations that showcase the world’s natural wonders.

Imaginative Pisces shares similar qualities and will be happy to join Libra in search of utopia. Both of these signs take a relaxed approach to decision-making and won’t mind making plans on the fly.

Scorpio

Perhaps the most mysterious sign of the zodiac, Scorpio is motivated to get to the heart of a matter, as uncomfortable as that might be. They’ll be drawn to trips that help them uncover hidden histories to better understand their place in the world.

Capricorn also prefers depth over the superficial. Hard work doesn’t intimidate these signs, and they’ll be happy to hike, climb, or rappel alongside each other if it means scaling a new peak.

Aquarius won’t get offended if Sagittarius looks in a different direction © peterotoole / Getty Images

Sagittarius

Symbolized by the archer, Sagittarius always has their eye on the next adventure. This ambitious fire sign is motivated by new experiences and will happily go off-course in pursuit of the unknown.

Aquarius is similarly unpredictable and thrives on intellectual challenges. They’ll be happy to go along with Sagittarius’ hare-brained ideas and neither sign will be offended when the other wanders off on their own.

Capricorn

Strategic Capricorn never met a mountain they couldn’t climb, even if they had to employ unlikely methods to reach the top. Never one to back away from a challenge, Capricorn sometimes has to be reminded that it’s okay to relax.

That makes lackadaisical Taurus the perfect companion to balance out Capricorn’s strident nature. Once Capricorn sets aside some much-needed time for unwinding, they’ll be motivated to become the laziest bum on the beach.

Go-getter Capricorn needs chilled Taurus to help them unwind on vacation © Kzenon / Shutterstock

Aquarius

Aquarius is an unconventional air sign that doesn’t mind standing out. They see value in our differences and are motivated to unveil common threads that help us better relate to one another. They’ll prefer excursions that introduce them to alternative lifestyles and inspire change in their daily lives.

Scorpio will appreciate Aquarius’ inquisitive nature and have plenty of ideas for how to make their trip one-of-a-kind. They’ll challenge each other to release inhibitions and venture outside their comfort zones.

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Pisces

As the last sign of the zodiac, Pisces carries the wisdom of all the signs that come before it. That doesn’t mean that Pisces is more evolved than the rest of the signs, just more able to empathize with each one’s unique struggles. This intuitive water sign will favor cooperative communities with plenty of art and beauty to explore.

While Leo might be more extroverted than Pisces, both signs thrive in social settings. Pisces will help Leo slow down to form authentic connections and Leo will encourage pliable Pisces to break away from the flow to follow their own stream.